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Flora of North America Glossary

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Term Synonyms Category Limitation Definition
chewed = ruminate relief Irregularly convoluted, as if chewed.
choripetalous = apopetalous, dialypetalous, polypetalous architecture flower, perianth, corolla Having two or more distinct petals; having the petals unfused.
chorisepalous = aposepalous, dialysepalous, polysepalous architecture flower, perianth, calyx Having two or more distinct sepals; having the sepals unfused.
…ciliate architecture Bearing the number of cilia indicated by the prefix.
ciliate margin Having fine, hair-like trichomes (cilia) oriented in the general plane of the structure.
cilium 1 pl. cilia > capillus, hair; >< trichome STRUCTURE A hair-like trichome or other surficial process.
cilium 2 pl. cilia STRUCTURE A motile hair- or whip-like structure extending from the surface of a cell.
cincinnate < helicoid-cymose architecture inflorescence Comprising one or more cincinni.
cincinnus pl. cincinni < helicoid cyme nominative inflorescence A tightly coiled helicoid cyme (bostryx) with the nodes approximate to congested and the pedicels very short or the flowers sessile.
circinate 1 solid shape Terete and rolled downward from the apex in a tight coil.
circinate 2 vernation Having each leaf (frond) rolled adaxially from the sides and downward from the apex, forming a tight, flat coil; esp. in Polypodiophyta.
circular arrangement bundle scars Forming a circle.
circumcaulous insertion Upon and surrounding the stem.
circumcaulous position Upon and surrounding the stem.
circumscissile dehiscence Splitting transversely through the exterior wall about its entire circumference, the resulting upper cap-like portion falling away.
cirrhous apex Having a narrow spiral tip that is a continuation of the central primary vein.
citrus fruit = hesperidium nominative fruit A berry derived from a compound ovary and having a thin, firm, leathery rind (exocarp), a thicker, white, spongy wall layer (mesocarp) internal to that, and a fleshy interior (endocarp) that constitutes the bulk of the fruit and is separable into a number of radial sections, each triangular in transsection and consisting of a thin outer membrane surrounding a mass of juicy, unicellular vescicles, among which the seeds are embedded on the adaxial side; esp. in Rutaceae.
cladode = cladophyll, phylloclade STRUCTURE A stem segment that functions as a leaf; often more or less compressed.
cladodromous venation Having a single median primary vein that branches to either side along its length, the secondary veins running thence toward the margin, but freely ramifying and becoming indistinct before reaching it.
cladophyll = cladode, phylloclade STRUCTURE A stem segment that functions as a leaf; often more or less compressed.
clambering habit plant, axis Reclining upon and spreading across other plants or objects without the aid of special holding structures or growth patterns.
clasping = amplexicaulous architecture foliaceous structure Having two distinct basal lobes that partially or fully encircle the supporting axis. See also connate-perfoliate, perfoliate.
clathrate = cancellate, latticed architecture foliaceous structure Having portions of the blade naturally devoid of any but vascular tissue, which forms an open lattice in those areas.
clavate = club-shaped solid shape Elongate and basically round in transverse section, the diameter greatest at or near a blunt apex, thence attenuate toward the base, the degree of taper greatest between the middle and the upper quarter.
claw = unguis STRUCTURE The abruptly much narrower proximal portion, when present, of a laminar structure, esp. a petal; of variable shape itself, but usually attenuate toward the base.
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