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Flora of North America Glossary

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Term Synonyms Category Limitation Definition
turbinate = top-shaped solid shape Broadly obovoid-obconic; like a spinning top. See also pyriform (pear-shaped), obturbinate.
turgid = swollen, tumid solid shape Engorged in appearance, convex overall with the surface appearing taut, as though from internal pressure. See also inflated, which is not clearly distinct in its application.
turion < sucker STRUCTURE A scaly sucker.
turnip-shaped = napiform solid shape Depressed-globose overall and strongly concave-tapered (acuminate) at the base; like the generalized form of a turnip.
twelve-… = dodeca… prefix Indicating presence of or constitution by twelve entities of the type denoted by the term's stem; as in twelve-loculed, twelve-stamened, twelve-styled.
twice-… = bi…, double-… prefix Indicating presence of two hierarchical orders of the type of entity or pattern denoted by the term's stem; as in twice-crenate, twice-palmate. See also two-… (bi…, di…).
twig STRUCTURE The terminal portion of an ultimate branch of a woody stem, representing the most recent increment of growth and bearing or having borne the current or most recent increment of leaves. See also branchlet.
twining = voluble habit axis Coiling about other plants or objects during growth, thus achieving support.
twisted = contorted architecture axis Having a helical pattern of relief and/or coloration along its length.
two-… = bi…, di… prefix Indicating presence of or constitution by two entities of the type denoted by the term's stem; as in two-cleft, two-flowered, two-loculed. See also individual entries for terms with this prefix whose meanings, at least in some applications, are more specific than usually indicated by such combination; and also double-… (bi…, twice-…).
two-lipped = bilabiate; < labiate, lipped architecture perianth, calyx, corolla Strongly zygomorphic with connate and/or coherent members whose distal portions form two unequal, opposing, lip-like structures, one adaxial, one abaxial. See also gaping (personate, ringent).
U-form arrangement bundle scars Disposed in a truncated elliptical pattern, like the letter U.
umbel nominative inflorescence Pedunculate, determinate or indeterminate, simple or compound and apparently polychotomous, with one or more pedicellate flowers terminating each ultimate axis, the pedicels of each such floral set and the branches (rays) arising from each axial subdivision diverging from each other like the ribs of an umbrella, the whole plane, convex or concave distally.
umbellate architecture inflorescence Comprising one or more umbels.
umbellet nominative inflorescence A single set of pedicellate flowers in a compound umbel.
umbelliform = umbel-like architecture capitulescence, inflorescence Resembling an umbel, but not strictly such.
umbel-like = umbelliform architecture capitulescence, inflorescence Resembling an umbel, but not strictly such.
umbilicate solid shape Having a relatively small, transversely round, central depression in an essentially round broad face.
umbonate = bossed solid shape Having an umbo.
umbo pl. umbines, umbos FEATURE A relatively small, rounded or conical, central protrusion upon an essentially round, broad face.
umbraculiform = umbrella-shaped solid shape Having a slender, elongate proximal axis and a very broad, meniscoid distal portion, the latter oriented with its convex face distal; like an umbrella.
umbrella-shaped = umbraculiform solid shape Having a slender, elongate proximal axis and a very broad, meniscoid distal portion, the latter oriented with its convex face distal; like an umbrella.
unbranched 1 = eramous architecture axis, laminar vein Not branching at any point.
unbranched 2 architecture laminar veinlet Not branching within the areole.
unciform = hook-shaped solid shape Very slenderly elongate with a more or less straight proximal portion and a recurved terminal portion, the whole resembling a hook.
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