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Flora of North America Glossary

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Term Synonyms Category Limitation Definition
follicle nominative fruit Dry, longitudinally dehiscent, one-locular, one- to many-seeded and derived from a single, superior, simple ovary; dehiscing along a single adaxial suture.
forked = furcate; > bifurcate apex Having two or more terminal, antrorse branches or divisions arising from a common point or level, like the prongs of a fork.
forked = furcate; > bifurcate plane shape Having two or more terminal, antrorse branches or divisions arising from a common point or level, like the prongs of a fork.
forked = furcate; > bifurcate solid shape Having two or more terminal, antrorse branches or divisions arising from a common point or level, like the prongs of a fork.
fossula pl. fossulae = colpus, furrow, groove, sulcus, vallecula FEATURE An elongate depression that is relatively shallow and narrow.
…fossulate = …colpate, …furrowed, …grooved, …sulcate, …valleculate architecture Having the number of fossulae indicated by the prefix; as in unifossulate, multifossulate, 5-fossulate.
fossulate = colpate, furrowed, grooved, sulcate, valleculate architecture Having one or more elongate, relatively narrow and shallow depressions (fossulae).
four-… = quadr(i)…, tetra… prefix Indicating presence of or constitution by four entities of the type denoted by the term's stem; as in four-angled, four-petaled, four-ranked.
fovea pl. foveae = pit, scrobis FEATURE A small, rounded depression.
foveate = pitted relief Having numerous, small, rounded depressions. See also foveolate (fine-pitted, scrobiculate).
foveolate = fine-pitted, scrobiculate relief Finely foveate (pitted).
fragrant odor Sweet or otherwise pleasant.
free fusion dissimilar structure(s) Not fused with or joined to any other dissimilar structure(s).
free-central placentation Upon the free axial column of a compound, unilocular ovary.
friable = brittle texture Dry, firm and easily broken.
fringe = fimbria STRUCTURE A marginal series or cycle of regular, slender, closely adjacent, more or less flexible segments or protrusions, when treated as an aggregate structure.
fringed = fimbriate margin Regularly divided into slender, closely adjacent, more or less flexible segments, or having protrusions that give the appearance of such division. See also fine-fringed (fimbrillate).
frond < leaf, macrophyll (not recommended), megaphyll STRUCTURE A leaf in Polypodiophyta or Palmae (Arecaceae), usually relatively large and often highly dissected. Use of this term in preference to "leaf" in descriptions of ferns and palms is a matter of tradition only, not of morphological or evolutionary distinction.
fruit STRUCTURE Any unitary seed-bearing structure of a flowering plant, consisting of the matured or ripened pistil(s) of one or more flowers along with any other floral or vegetative tissue(s) persisting adnate to them; characteristic of and unique to Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae).
fruity odor Sweetly to pungently fragrant and reminiscent of fruit.
frutescent < shrubby; >< bushy habit plant Developing the character of a frutex (shrub). See also arboreous, arborescent, fruticose, subshrubby, suffrutescent, suffruticose, tree-like, woody-clumping.
frutex pl. frutices = shrub; > bush nominative plant Perennial, woody, relatively short, with a single main stem that is not distinctly columnar and branches from or above ground level, the branches often crowded. See also suffrutex (subshrub, undershrub), tree, woody clump.
fruticose < shrubby; >< bushy habit plant Having the character of a frutex (shrub). See also arboreous, arborescent, frutescent, subshrubby, suffrutescent, suffruticose, tree-like, woody-clumping.
fugacious = fleeting duration structure Wilting or withering very shortly after emergence, soon becoming inconspicuous and falling away or disintegrating.
full extent Reaching from the ovary wall or pericarp to the center of the ovary or fruit and from the apex to the base of its interior, thus separating adjacent locules completely.
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